The conjunctiva is a clear membrane which is considered the outer coat of the eye. The white of the eye actually lies behind the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva has many small blood vessels and it serves to lubricate and protect the eye while the eye moves in it's socket.

When the conjunctiva becomes inflamed, this is called "Conjunctivitis". This condition can have many causes, such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, allergies, and more. One of the most common is bacterial or viral conjunctivitis which is often called "Pink Eye". In many cases it is difficult to determine the primary cause for the inflammation.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is associated with swelling of the lid and a yellowish discharge. Sometimes it causes the eye to itch and a mattering of the eyelids, particularly upon waking. The conjunctiva appears red and sometimes thickened with both eyes often being involved at the same time.

If the conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria or a virus, the disease may be contagious, and can be easily transmitted by rubbing the eye and then infecting household items, such as towels or handkerchiefs. It is common for entire families to become infected if precautions are not taken. Frequent hand washing and avoiding contaminated materials help in limiting the spread of infectious conjunctivitis.

Mild conjunctivitis can treated conservatively. Usually antibiotic drops and cool compresses ease the discomfort and clear up the infection in just a few days. In a few cases, the inflammation does not respond well to the initial treatment with eye drops and additional stronger medications are necessary. Your eye doctor will be able to address the most appropriate treatments for your eyes. In severe infection, oral antibiotics and steroid drops may be necessary. Covering the eye is not a good idea because a cover provides protection for the germs causing the infection. If left untreated, severe conjunctivitis can create serious complications, such as infections in the cornea, lids, and tear ducts or permanent scarring.